Friday, December 27, 2019

Managers Emotional Intelligence Effect On Followers...

Manager’s Emotional Intelligence Effect on Follower’s Performance Job Satisfaction. Research has shown that leaders who have high levels of emotional intelligence are able to increase the job satisfaction of their workers leading to increase performance. In a study done by Sy, Tram, and O’Hara (2006) of 187 restaurant workers, in which 62 were managers, they investigated the relationship between employees’ emotional intelligence, their manager’s emotional intelligence, employees’ job satisfaction, and performance. They discovered that a managers’ emotional intelligence created more job satisfaction for employees with low emotional intelligence than with employees with high levels of emotional intelligence. Furthermore employees with high emotional intelligence performed their jobs better (Sy, Tram, and O’Hara 2006). Similarly, in a study by Chi-Sum and Wong (2002), of 120 MBA students and government administrators they discovered that emotional intelligence has a positive correlation ith job satisfaction re gardless of the nature of the job. Communication. In research article by Venus, Stam, and Knippenberg (2013), the researchers argued that leaders can express certain emotions which can inspire followers with a regulatory focus. They stated that many leader do not use emotions to persuade followers to be more receptive to goals and that this could increase followers’ performance. Regulatory focus means that when the leader expresses their goals to their followers, theShow MoreRelatedThe Leadership Of Carol Baines1482 Words   |  6 Pagescontinued growth of the business. Finally, it questions whether situational factors had an influence in Carol’s success and whether Carol could succeed as a leader in other business context. Analysis Companies need leaders to effect changes and to improve business performance. Changes are necessary for survival, as competitors might force a company out of business if it chooses to remain stagnant. Leaders could be assigned, with position power, or it could emerge due to needs of followers, where itRead MoreThe Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence And Leadership Style That Differentiate Effective Leaders9113 Words   |  37 PagesThe purpose of this quantitative correlation study is to examine the degree and extent of a relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership style that differentiate effective leaders. A brief review of the literature was conducted using the following resources, Northcentral University Library (NCU Roadrunner), Google Scholar, Galileo, and ProQuest. Several searches included peer-reviewed publications and academic journals such as the International Journal of Business Management, JournalRead MoreTransformational Leadership Literature R eview Essay3798 Words   |  16 Pagesfuture. A transactional manager may also derive his/her actions from the technique of managing by exception. This technique is based on the premise that the manager’s job is to not oversee the day-to-day tasks of every employee, but to only focus their attention on those issues that cause subordinates to fail in meeting planned performance levels. These types of managers who do not participate at all are many times referred to as laissez-faire leaders. According to Eeden, et. al (2008), â€Å"The leaderRead MoreHenry Ford – the Leadership Qualities of One of History’s Greatest Innovators.5116 Words   |  21 Pageschange and make them believe their efforts will achieve the goals set | Deal with procedures and operational structure including staffing requirements | Execution | Motivating and inspiring – Looking at intrinsic and extrinsic factors to increase performance and making sure everyone knows what’s expected of them. | Reporting on delivery against budget, making the relevant changes to ensure success. | Outcomes | Effective and successful change. | Provides a process of consistency and understandingRead MoreThe Importance of Visionary Leadership and Implications for Performance and Satisfaction5579 Words   |  23 PagesImplications for Performance and Satisfaction Introduction Newark Electronics, based in Chicago, IL, is the largest distributor of electronic components in North America. It is one of many subsidiaries of Premier Farnell Group (PFG), based in London, England. I work in the Purchasing Department as a electronic parts Buyer / Planner for Newark. Newark is the most policed subsidiary, and is constantly scrutinized on its organizational performance, and lately its managementRead MoreFred Maiorino Case8410 Words   |  34 PagesSchering-Plough Corporation for thirty-one years before Jim Reed was named general sales manager over the South Jersey sales district that included Fred’s sales territory. Afterwards, Reed implemented several changes to try to boost sales including a new performance appraisal system and a hands-on coaching style to motivate his sales staff. The problem arose with Reed’s inability to motivate Fred (Buller Schuler, 2003). Major Issues The major issue is this case is Reed’s inability to motivate Fred, whichRead MoreRobbins Organization Behavior Leadership Quiz11558 Words   |  47 PagesDiff: 2 Page Ref: 151 Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2 6) According to research, which of the Big Five personality traits is the most important in effective leaders? A) conscientiousness B) openness C) extraversion D) agreeableness E) emotional stability Answer: C Explanation: C) A comprehensive review of leadership literature, when organized around the Big Five, has found extraversion to be the most important trait of effective leaders but more strongly related to leader emergence thanRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesIntroduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 ChallengesRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pagesassistance, and job sharing. The human resource department plays a central role in establishing and implementing policies designed to reduce the friction between organizational demands and family responsibilities. b. Increased complexity of the Manager’s job Management has become an increasingly complex and demanding job for many reasons, including foreign competition, new technology, expanding scientific information, and rapid change. Therefore, organizations frequently ask human resource managersRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesinfluenced by the brutally competitive global economy in which organizations do not have any particular geographic identity or travel under any particular national passport? What will be the effect of the rapid gyrations in markets that emphasize the difficulties that accounting practices face in determining true performance costs and that forecasting programs confront in establishing the economic determinants of corporate planning? In addition to these challenges, many analytical and strategic evaluation

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Mechanical And Structural Factors Of An Aircraft - 1422 Words

Aircrafts are and always have been a great mode of transportation and come with many clear advantages over many other forms of transportation . This in turn may be one of the main causes of their popularity and success over the years. Aircrafts are used commercially, Privately and they even have military applications. Aircrafts have always been an iconic sign of freedom. Even in the media and in commercial advertisements an airplane can be a symbolic tool used to instill security, freedom and luxury. Although there have been a great many advancements in mechanics and engineering of the aircrafts over the years, and many people consider them to be a reliable mode of transportation they still all have the capacity for mechanical or structural failures. In this paper we will begin to explore some of the main causes of these failures as well as the mechanical and structural factors behind them. An aircraft will typically fail because of an excess of stress applied to one or multiple mech anical or structural components. A more exact definition of stress is; â€Å"The force perpendicular to the cross sectional area of the member divided by the cross sectional area.†(chapter 8 lecture) There are several different types of stress and certain points of stress on an aircraft are more susceptible to damage or failure. In this paper we will also begin to analyze these factors to provide a more clear understanding of the mechanical and structural factors of aviation. According to Dr. HansShow MoreRelatedFiber Reinforced Concrete and Its Application Essay826 Words   |  4 Pagesloading, and the fibers can still hold the matrix together even after a lot of cracking. ïÆ'Ëœ Introduction Concrete is a structural material that is weak in tension and they also have brittle properties with a low tensile strength and strain capacity. 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Da Vinci’s â€Å"helical screw†Read MoreComposite in Aircraft Manufacturing1331 Words   |  5 PagesComposite used in aircraft manufacturing for small scale industries INTRODUCTION In the revolution of high technology of aircraft industrial world has came because of composite materials. It is due to the main property of highly effective and efficient material which is leads to advanced ones. In world of business, customer satisfaction is the most important thing which has become a great need now a day. 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NOISE IMPACT- Noise pollution is produced by an aircraft during various phases of flight due to Movement of compressed and rare acted air molecule as a pressure wave. This kind of waves are having audible frequency and strong enough. There are major sources from where noise originate-Aerodynamic noise, mechanical noise engine noise and noise by aircraft system. We can divide the impact of noise aviation into two parts- A.)Physical-interference, annoyanceRead MoreTypes Of Polymeric Materials Which Have Hydrocarbon As Its Backbone And Pendent Acid Groups1602 Words   |  7 Pagesautomobile parts, roofing materials, coatings, food packaging. Supramolecular Polymers Supramolecular polymers are synthesised from low molecular mass monomers which are joined by reversible non-covalent bonds and gets a polymer which have good mechanical and rheological properties. Under thermodynamic condition, these noncovalent bonds can be broken reversibly, its properties are different from other polymers. 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Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Discrimination at Workplace free essay sample

Introduction Have you ever been treated or looked at differently because of your race, gender, religion, social rank or any other attribute? If you did, then you must have experienced one type of discrimination. So, what do we mean by discrimination? In general, discrimination is the judgment of qualities and recognition of the differences between things, and it comes in different forms and frames. At† workplace discrimination occurs when an employee suffers from unfavorable or unfair treatment due to their race, religion, national origin, disabled or veteran status, or other legally protected characteristics. Employees who have suffered reprisals for opposing workplace discrimination or for reporting violations to the authorities are also considered to be discriminated against†(Allbusiness, 2010:1). Many countries, in particular the modern and developed ones, issued decrees and laws that prohibits discrimination in work-related areas, such as recruiting, hiring, job evaluations, promotion policies, training, compensation and disciplinary action Direct vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination at Workplace or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Indirect Workplace discrimination can be characterized as direct or Indirect. Direct discrimination involves treating someone less favorably because of their possession of an attribute (e. g. , gender, age, race, beliefs, socio-economical status, national origin, disability, etc†¦), compared with someone without that attribute in the same circumstances. An example of direct discrimination would be not offering a job to a woman because she is likely to take maternity leave whereas a man is not. Indirect discrimination involves setting a condition or requirement which a smaller proportion of those with the attribute are able to comply with, without reasonable justification. Types of workplace Discrimination As mentioned earlier, workplace discrimination happens when some employee suffers unjust treatment, perception of or even interaction with, due to the fact of a physical attribute of the offended prejudiced by the discriminator. Among various types of discrimination, researchers and specialists identified five main discriminated attributes at workplace: Race, Gender, Age, beliefs, and disability. While discrimination occurs in a variety of workplace environments, certain organizations may be structured in ways that increase the likelihood of biased treatment and subordination of employees occupying lower social status positions†( Wizdom Powell Hammond et al, 2010) 1. Race discrimination Racial discrimination differentiates between individuals on the basis of real an d perceived racial differences, and has been official government policy in several countries, such as South Africa in the apartheid era, and the USA. For example, a black employee may suffer illegal discrimination, if working in a white dominant environment, just because of his racial attributes, like color, structure and others that don’t fit the majority. Many researchers found out that racial discrimination is by far the most obvious type of discrimination and contributes to a major stake of discrimination cases and lawsuits. Another obvious example is of Arab immigrants in western countries, who suffered increasing discrimination after 9/11 due to the fact that terrorists behind 9/11 were Arabs. Nowadays, countries with growing economies attract various ethnic groups to come and work together. This results in more discrimination issues floating on the surfaces with no governing law framing this type of malice. For example, in Gulf countries like UAE, Saudi and others race discrimination is tolerated with absence of rules and acts prohibiting such behaviors and polices within organizations. There is a lot of discrimination according to race in the labour market, which affects the contribution of those who suffer from it. They feel dissatisfied and this reflects in their work and affects the lives of sometimes large families in the UAE and abroad. (Charles Stratford,2009) 2. Gender discrimination Gender or Sex discrimination is discrimination against a person or group on the basis of their sex or gender. Currently, discrimination based on sex is defined as adverse action against another person that would not have occurred had the person been of another sex. This is considered a form of prejudice and is illegal in certain specified circumstances in most countries. Sexual discrimination can arise in different contexts. For instance an employee may be discriminated against by being asked discriminatory questions during a job interview, or because an employer did not hire, promote or wrongfully terminated an employee based on his or her gender, or employers pay unequally based on gender or sexually harass an employee. Socially, sexual differences have been used to justify societies in which one sex or the other has been restricted to significantly inferior and secondary roles. While there are non-physical differences between men and women, there is little agreement as to what those differences are. Unfair discrimination usually follows the gender stereotyping held by a society. The United Nations had concluded that women often experience a glass ceiling and that there are no societies in which women enjoy the same opportunities as men. The term glass ceiling describes the process by which women are barred from promotion by means of an invisible barrier. [citation needed] In the United States, the Glass Ceiling Commission has stated that between 95 and 97 percent of senior managers in the countrys biggest corporations are men. Transgendered individuals, both male to female and female to male, often experience problems which often lead to dismissals, underachievement, difficulty in finding a job, social isolation, and, occasionally, violent attacks against them. 3. Age Discrimination Age discrimination is something that the average worker knows very little about. Although, anyone who lives to be middle aged will have a good chance of experiencing an age bias act, age discrimination is a non-issue to most people. This attitude is reflected in the literature that is available on the subject. There is very little information about age discrimination. Most of the information is about workers’ legal rights and it is accompanied by much advertising of available legal services. Typical actions might include refusing to hire or promote older workers, playing with their employee benefits, limiting their training opportunities or limiting their job responsibilities and duties. Older workers may be targeted in reductions of the work force; they may be encouraged to retire. Exit incentive programs may deny valuable additional benefits to an older worker and early retirement incentives may pressure older workers to retire early. Incentive benefits may be reduced for people who continue working beyond â€Å"normal† retirement age. All of these actions reinforce a stereotype of older workers as the most dispensable in the workforce. Various words and phrases may be used to disguise an age bias. Some examples of this are saying that a worker costs too much, has been with the company too long, lacks versatility, is unable to adapt to new methods or technologies, lacks energy or has failed to be a forward enough thinker. In addition, decisions that are not directly based on age may have a disparate effect on older workers such as policies related to length of service or years of seniority. Some of the thoughts behind age biased actions are that older workers should move aside to make room for younger workers who need to support families, that they are less competent, and that there’s no point in training them for new jobs. There is also an idea that younger managers do not really want to work with older workers no matter how good their skills. 4. Beliefs Religious discrimination at the workplace is still one of the biggest challenges facing many countries around the world, especially here in Canada and in the USA. Even through religious discrimination has been an illegal factor, it still happens very frequently. The laws against religious discrimination give employers a really hard time. On one hand, you cant make employment decisions based on a persons religion. On the other, you might have to take an employees religion into account when making certain workplace decisions. The law prohibits you from discriminating based on the fact of someones religion beliefs (for example, that an employee is Catholic, Jewish, or Muslim). You cant refuse to hire someone because he or she is Jewish; you cant promote someone because he or she is Christian. Same thing with the working days, you must work with your employees to make it possible for them to practice their religious beliefs on their days. This might mean not scheduling an employee who is Jewish to work Saturday because of their belief that Saturday is the Jewish Sabbath. This is the day that they go to the synagogue. Discrimination can happen anywhere, and it can take many forms. Some people mistakenly believe that it can only affect people of ethnic minority groups, but discrimination can happen to anyone. In addition to race, anti-discrimination laws also protect people against discrimination on the basis of age, gender, marital status, among others. In the workplace, discrimination frequently takes place when a company is hiring and firing. It is illegal for an employer to fire an employee just because of that persons religion and what they believe in. Taking it to a higher level, a employer might deny employees raises, promotions, or opportunities for training simply because of their religion. If you have faced discrimination in the workplace because of your spiritual beliefs, you are entitled to stand up for your rights. There are laws that you need to know about and you can actually protect yourself from Religious Discrimination at the Workplace. 5. Disability discrimination People with disabilities face discrimination in all levels of society. The attitude that disabled individuals are inferior to non-disabled individuals is called ableism. Chronic pain is a debilitating condition which is often neglected in modern society. According to the American Chiropractic Association, over 50% of all working US citizens complain of back pain each year. An estimated 80% of the population will experience back pain at some point in their life. Many times pain can become chronic and debilitating. Ergonomic seating and work environments are not only be a reasonable accommodation for those who suffer, they are also a preventative measure to counteract the soaring cost of medical treatment for pain conditions. Ergonomic seating in all public institutions would be a positive step to providing access to public services for all those who need it. In the United States, the Americans with Disabilities Act provides guidelines for providing wheelchair access for public institutions, but ergonomic devices for those who suffer from pain are something that has yet to be implemented. This is just one of many accessibility issues still faced by disabled individuals. Disabled people may also face discrimination by employers. They may find problems with securing employment as their handicap can be seen as a risk to the company, and once in employment they may find they are overlooked for promotion opportunities. Similarly, if an employee becomes disabled while employed they may also find themselves being managed out the company by HR departments. Unsympathetic employers can make life very difficult for such employees and can often make their health problems worse. Disability discrimination laws mean that in theory the employee has a method of redress in such instances. Effects of workplace discrimination Workplace discrimination is a common cause of the nations skyrocketing unemployment rate. If a company does not hire women, then the female applicant does not get the job. The same reasoning applies to all of the aforementioned categories affected by workplace discrimination. These individuals are without job opportunities and therefore unemployed. The discriminated party is usually smart enough to know why he wasnt hired. This instills anger and hurt in him. How he releases these feelings may result in violence. His self-esteem is shattered and he unleashed his negativity on those around him. Many mass murder and domestic violence cases are a result of workplace discrimination. An employee subject to workplace discrimination is apt to lose interest in his duties and in the company. For example: Hes of a different race than his peers, who make subtle inappropriate jokes about his culture. He tells his supervisor, who waves it off, stating,Oh, thats nothing. This sends his morale into a downward spiral, which results in lack of productivity. Workplace discrimination can have harsh effects on the psyche. When hopelessness sets in, he feels unworthy and like a failurehe thinks its all his fault. His drive to succeed is elusive and he gives up on life. This deteriorating stage can lead to severe depression. Treatments and solutions Know what is legally defined as workplace discrimination. Making derogatory remarks about a group of people or making hiring decisions based on a protected-class characteristic are discriminatory acts. It is also considered discrimination to withhold raises and promotions or terminate a person based on his class or refusal to perform sexual acts. Learn the protected classes covered by anti-discrimination laws. A protected class is a group of people against whom it is illegal to discriminate based on a common characteristic. It is illegal to discriminate due to: race, ethnicity, religion, national origin, age, gender, disability, color, political affiliation or veteran or familial status. In some areas, it is also illegal to discriminate based on sexual orientation, though it is not a federal violation. Avoid workplace discrimination by developing a no-tolerance policy in regard to harassment and discrimination. Put the policy in writing and require every employee to read it. Have each employee sign a form indicating that she has been provided with a copy of the policy and keep these forms in personnel files. Establish a procedure for filing complaints. The procedure should outline to whom complaints should be made and how they can be heard confidentially. It should also define an action plan for investigating complaints thoroughly and promptly. Discuss the anti-discrimination policy in detail with your employees. Give clear examples of incidences of discrimination and share the consequences for such actions. At the same time, provide employees with the procedure to follow in order to file an internal grievance. Provide diversity and sexual harassment training for all employees. Such training further clarifies what types of behavior are inappropriate. It will also provide strategies and solutions as to how a diverse workplace can function together as an effective team. Discrimination in Lebanon Although the Lebanese Constitution provides for a discrimination-free workplace, yet discrimination is widely spread in a country that has no identified policy for the workplace and workforce. Discrimination is experienced at levels and in all forms. Ranging from religious backgrounds, race, gender, disability to other types and forms, resulting in unjust standards in every aspect of employment and employee related issues. In mid 90s the Lebanese government submitted a detailed report to the Human Rights Committee on discrimination and observed in paragraph 7 of their report that â€Å"no provision of Lebanese law makes a distinction between races or between individuals on the grounds of colour, language, political opinions, social origin, birth or fortune†. Yet, â€Å"Equality Now Association† notes that the government makes no mention of distinction between individuals on the basis of sex. In paragraph 19, the government does acknowledge that â€Å"progress still needs to be made in ensuring equality between men and women,† but does not clearly indicate any measures which will be taken to promote such needed progress. Conclusion Finally, whether discriminated against your color, religion, nationality, or gender, discrimination is considered to be one of the most threatening factors to economy development and social development as well. Majority of people suffered at least one type of discrimination in their lifetime, which shaped their perception to the workplace and as Clarence Thomas said:†Any discrimination, like sharp turns in a road, becomes critical because of the tremendous speed at which we are traveling into the high-tech world of a service economy†. Bibliography 1. All business(2010) ‘understanding workplace discrimination† http://www. allbusiness. com [accessed 5th may, 2010] 2. Wizdom Powell Hammond Marion Gillen Irene H. Yen (2010) ‘Workplace Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms’ Race and Social Problems. 2(1) pp. 19-30 3. Charles Stratford. (2009) ‘Discrimination: a big issue’ Gulf News. 18(20) pp. 41-43

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Technology Park Malaysia Corporation Essay Example

Technology Park Malaysia Corporation Essay We were having an interview with the executive MOHAMMAD NADZIM AHMAD AZMI of Technology Park Malaysia Corporation Sdn Bhd (TPM). The company located in Level 5, Enterprise 4 Technology Park Malaysia 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur. TPM is a partial private and partial government organization which was incorporated in September 1996. It is a pioneer centre for technology innovation and advanced research and development in Malaysia, offering world-class infrastructure and 2 million square feet of Ramp;D space. Twelve distinct building make up TPM; each architecturally designed for knowledge-based companies at various stage of growth. The buildings, namely the innovation House, Incubator Centres and Enterprise Houses are equipped with Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS), LAN infrastructure, wide bandwidth internet connectivity, multiple telephone connections, teleconferencing, maintenance and round-the-clock security. TPM has also set up the Centre for Technology Commercialization (CTC) to bring together the forces of technology business commercialization in Malaysia by hosting technology business forums and seminars, anchoring consultative panels between industry and academia, and undertaking business and market intelligence through an international network of experts. Conceptualized as a means to promote the development of high-tech companies with an environment conducive to Ramp;D activities, TPM today is a vibrant technology business cluster within MSC Malaysia, home to more than 10,000 knowledge workers in over 140 technology based companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Park Malaysia Corporation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Park Malaysia Corporation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Park Malaysia Corporation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer TPM is a property-based organization, developed to catalyze Malaysia’s transformation into the knowledge economy. TPM is managed by specialized professionals whose main aim is to increase the wealth of the community by promoting a culture of innovation and competitiveness in its associated businesses and knowledge-based organizations. Designed to propel Malaysia into the Innovation-Led Economy, Technology Park Malaysia is to date one of the worlds most advanced and comprehensive centres for research and development of knowledge-based industries. Spanning 750 acres, its first phase comprises 12 state-of-the-art buildings with specific functions. The latest addition to Phase I is the Enterprise 4 building, which is an intelligent building designed to service the physical needs of high-tech companies, enabling them to be service providers to the MSC, the rest of Malaysia and the world. The other phases involve the leasing of Ramp;D Lot to individual companies to establish custom-designed head offices, research facilities, test sites and planned future expansions. TPM Company Management Team is responsible for sourcing the most progressive and innovative tenant companies that can also create synergies within TPM. TPM also engages in other business activities through its four wholly-owned subsidiaries, namely TPM Biotech Sdn Bhd in biotechnology, TPM Engineering Sdn Bhd in engineering, TPM IT Sdn Bhd in Information Technology, and Technology Park Malaysia College Sdn Bhd in education and training. METHODOLOGY: We obtained data by first selecting three topics from which we have covered in our lectures. Then we composed a set of questions to be asked during the interview. During the interview the questions were asked, we jotted down the striking points from the answers given by Mohammad Nazdim Ahmad Ezmi, Executive Marketing and Business Development. In addition, we also recorded the entire interview of which we used to add up other points that we forgot to note during the interview for this report and presentation. On the other hand, we used secondary data from TPM’s handouts, brochures and leaflets. ACADEMIC CONTENT: In this report we are going to deal with the following topics; Business environment, Individual at work and Organization structure. BUSINESS ORGANISATION AND ENVIRONMENT This is the first aspect in consideration and TPM must relate the different Environment with their effects to the Organisation respectively. Environments are divided into two main categories, Controllable and the Non-controllable Environment, and they work in a butterfly effect system which means alteration of any environment can affect the other and so on. EXHIBIT 1. 1: Overview of Environment and their relation to TPM NON-CONTROLLABLE ENVIRONMENT 1. POLITICAL/LEGAL 2. ECONOMY 3. COMPETITORS 4. TECHNOLOGICAL CONTROLLABLE ENVIRONMENT 1. LABOUR 2. RAW MATERIAL 3. EQUIPMENT 4. CAPITAL 5. ENTERPRENEUR CONTRALLABLE ENVIRONMENT This Environment focuses on the attributes that add up to the structure of an organisation. They can be controlled in the sense that the organisation dictates the quantity and how much to be used depending on their available resources and therefore differ from different organisations. Refer to Exhibit 1. 1; the five attributes (controllable environment) as you can see are the major make-up of the organisation and without them, it is dormant to all its operations. * Labour points out the human resources, the actual workers who provide physical or intellectual contribution to the everyday activities within the organisation. This includes the heads of TPM who are president/CEO, vice presidents (corporate services, finance, Business Development and Special Projects) general managers, senior general manager, chief operating officer amp; also the employee subordinates under them. * Raw Material is the physical bits and pieces that are provided by suppliers to manufacture the company’s end products. * Equipment refers to the machinery or devices that play a role into converting the raw materials to finished end products. in the case of TPM which is a service sector orginisation the end product is to produce rental accommodation. Thus things like building are the equipments because they to provide accommodation to their tenants! * Capital is the cash flow or the monetary aid the organisation needs to acquire and achieve its goals, it is the most important because it keeps the other attributes active and functional. * Last but not least, the Entrepreneur who are directly involved in the organisations’ operations. These are Individuals or Groups that take into risk and invest so as to see the Company achieving the posted goals. Adding on to the listed, each attribute is vital for the company existence but they must be balanced and considered equally in order to prevail in the market competition. TPM recognizes this and take hide to see each attribute contributes accordingly. NON- CONTROLLABLE ENVIRONMENT Non- controllable environment is composed of the political, economical, competitors and technological environment. 1) POLITICAL/LEGAL ENVIRONMENT This is the most prominent environment of TPM. It’s the direct impact of the government’s attitude towards the business environment. The government shapes many determinants of a business’s political environment through its policies on the economy, competition, regional development, devaluation and employment. TPM is operating under the government’s attitude towards the economy and competition. Its policy focuses on Engineering, Biotechnology and Information, communication and technology (ICT). Due to this all facilities rendered by TPM are based on the above mentioned fields and not otherwise. The government of Malaysia plays the following roles towards TPM, since it practices mixed economy it acts as an entrepreneur, a planner and a promoter. ) Entrepreneur The government may provide services through its own department or through its agencies. In TPM the government through MOSTI (Ministry of Science, technology and innovation) offers tenancy services. These include land parcel, enterprise, incubator and innovation areas. Land parcel involves the development of customized building for large or fully commercialized technology companies such as ASTRO, TELEKOM and APIIT. Enterprise is for medium seized or Ramp;D divisions or wings of large local and multinational companies such as MAYBANK, LOTUS and STANDARD CHARTTERED BANK. Incubator is for individuals and companies expanding from the prototype pre-production stage through to market testing and production. Innovation, here individual entrepreneurs, scientists, software, writers, innovators and start-up entities at pre-production stage get areas to perform their work. b) Planner It involves the government’s expectations within a certain period of time. These include the government policy on energy, transport, communication and many others as its long term plans. It controls the overall level and direction of the country’s economic activities. As a result, TPM is one of the fruits of the government’s focus on Engineering, Biotechnology and ICT. TPM is also having TPM College whose work is to provide education in technologies to nurture the next generation of workers. In the long run, this will help to meet the expectations of the government by providing TPM and other offices with technological experts. c) Promoter The government plays the role of making new opportunities and promoting businesses found in her territory. TPM’s Centre for technology commercialization (CTC) is to galvanise the needs of the country’s stake holders in harnessing technology for wealth creation. Universities, research institutes, venture financiers, technopreneurs and government regulators will come together at CTC to make technology a reality. Promotion is done by CTC through hosting forums on the latest technology development, showcasing the latest technology- driven businesses, organising regional and international seminars on technology commercialisation, facilitating business needs of technopreneurs and through the production of â€Å"SYMBIOSIS† magazine for science, technology, innovation and business for the knowledge community. 2) ECONOMICAL ENVIRONMENT This includes the macro economy of the country and the industrial sector environment of TPM. Macroeconomics shows how all the different elements in the business environment interact. The trade cycle is among the elements, it follows a pattern of recovery, boom, recession and slump. Since December 2007, the world has being experiencing a great financial crisis (Recession). Due to this TPM’s tenants who are greatly hit by the crisis, tend to cut down spending by shutting down offices (wings) such as those situated at TPM. In doing so TPM is left with fewer clients. Ultimately, TPM earns lower han they used to before the financial crisis (Recession). 3) COMPETITORS TPM is not having competitors in its industry. However, there are companies given the same mandate by the government to carry out MSC Malaysia’s 1996 vision of spearheading the nation towards the becoming a technology rich and knowledge based economy. Other organisations include; Cyber jaya Flagship zone, Kuala Lumpur city centre (KLCC), UPM- MTDC Technology Centre, Penang Cybercity1 (PCC1),Kulim Hi-tech Park, KL Sentral, Menara MSC Cyber spot, Meru raya and Melaka International trade centre (MITC). The following is what TPM does to overcome and emerge as the best organisation among the other organisation under MSC Malaysia’s industry; * TPM ensures that it offers the best Ramp;D facilities. Example, it has laboratories for Physics and Chemistry for rental, something which firms like Cyber jaya does not possess. * They try to offer competitive rental prices, by making sure that the rent that they offer is a bit cheaper than other firms, such as that of KLCC and UPM- MTDC technology centre and the rest. In terms of services, TPM makes sure that it delivers hers (services) quickly. For instance, responding quickly to maintenance services such as bulb replacement. * To offer infrastructures which are up to date, lake making sure that each of their offices has internet, fully equipped with a power backing system (UPS) and reliable security systems. 4) TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Technological change has been one of the important reasons of the current environmental turbulence i n the business environment. TPM’s in 1996 establishment was based on the changing nature of the technology. Moreover, changes in technology can affect one or all functional areas in some way and links in the supply chain of an organization. Such changes prompt TPM to change its functional areas by making sure that they provide proper an up to date gadgets such as UPS in their offices. But again, when TPM was established it only focused in supplying facilities that dealt with Engineering and ICT. Due to the change in technology, TPM added Biotechnology facilities in its supply chain. INDIVIDUAL AT WORK There are three that govern at the perception of other in on individual at work. These are basing on a physical person, ones range of abilities and ones personality. At TPM when applies for a job he/she firstly perceived in terms ones range of intellectual ability. Due to this when one applies for a job they assess his/her academic qualification and experience. Secondly, they check at ones social abilities such as being e-subjective or interaction ability. One can have good academic qualification and fail to deliver the second criteria, TPM might not approval for their application. However the physical person such as ones gender is also considered in some fields of TPM’s work. For instance, when they want to offer a post for a secretary, women are the expected candidates for the job. The same applies to works offered in the engineering laboratories where much strength is required, TPM prefer to employ men in the field. MOTIVATION Is the term used to describe those processes instinctive and rational, by which people seek to satisfy the basic drives, perceived needs and personal goals which trigger human behaviour. TPM uses the following ways to motivate her workers; * KPI (key performance indicator), here objectives are listed down before the New Year. Thus each employee knows the goals of TPM for the coming year. * Employees to attend courses to improve their skills and knowledge. This mostly involves attending short courses to boost up their performance and make them up to date, since TPM deals with technology. * Giving employees promotions. TPM has a tendency of promoting employees who has at least worked for them for more than 2 or three years. * Allocating more responsibilities to employees. Example, an employee who is used to data entry only can be assigned to organize meetings and keep on his/her data entry task. SPECIALIZATION TPM has a specialized differentiation of functional tasks through each department into which the problems and tasks facing a concern as a whole are broken down thus giving room for individuals to specialize in a specific field. For instance TPM Engineering department has specialized individuals in each field they have split its tasks/jobs into, which are: * Robotics amp; PLC Training * CAD/CAM amp; CNC Training * Industrial Robots * CNC Machining ORGANISATION STRUCTURE TPM has a structured organization with career paths starting from Non-Executives to Executives and Senior Managers. With a diverse range of products and services, a career at TPM comes with opportunities to enrich ones self with knowledge on the many aspects of business, IT and operations. There are many aspects of the organization structure. TPM is based on a flat structure with less bureaucracy where it has short lines of authority (short chain of command) clarifying who reports to whom. There not many people who have legitimate power to discharge responsibilities. For instance when TPM holds their monthly bases meetings, the president/CEO is the one who gives out tasks to each department depending on what the government implements. TPM’s high ranking management is the only one that makes crucial decisions concerning TPM for instance the president/CEO approves any new proposal from his subordinates such has employment of new staff or a raise to employee’s salaries. But for small decisions such as fixing a broken light bulb or painting a building, there pushed down to low ranking individuals. The degree to which decisions are made in TPM’s high ranking management is small thus it’s decentralized. It can be deduced that TPM is an organic model due to the fact that it’s flat structured and comprises of individuals at a low rank as well as high rank making decisions. TPM has categorized together jobs/functions into seven departments each having a High ranking individual (manager) who has a number of subordinates to direct. The nine manageable units/departments with their heads are: * Corporate services unit which is primarily responsible for the provision of internal services that support the work of management and staff. Zakaria Mohammed Vice President * Finance Unit which is setting an effective and efficient system of financial and accounting management of all business activities which TPM runs. Sharbani Harun Vice President * Business development amp; Special Projects Ahmad Husni Johari Vice President * Centre for Technology Commercialisation which is responsible for Technology Commercialisation, Incubators amp; Entrepreneurs and also giving out Advise amp; Consultancy. Dr. Mustaza Ahmadun Senior General Manager * Park Management amp; Services unit which is held responsible for taking care of TPM Park as well as services supplied through TPM to its tenants and the park itself. Shahazman Abu Samah General Manager TPM College Sdn Bhd which manages TPM college subsidiaryShaliza Sabtu Chief Operating Officer * TPM Engineering Sdn Bhd unit which manages engineering related projects and produce innovative engineering solutions. Mohamad Zaihirain Mohamed Rasin Acting Head * TPM IT SDN BHD which manages the operations and Maintenance of Technology Park Malaysia’s ICT infrastructure. Zakaria Mohammed Head / Director * TPM BIOTECH SDN BHD which manages Biotechnology Division o f Technology Park Malaysia. It also includes logistic management, development of production facilities, GMP, GSP compliance and plant risk management. Dato’ Haji Mohd Azman Shahidin Determinant of structure: The Main determinant of TPM’S structure is the government. Technically orders/policies are passed down from the government to the ministry of science, technology and innovation (MOSTI) depending on where the country is heading towards. MOSTI then passes the policies toTPM and it’s implemented by TPM. for instance the government wants to industrialise Malaysia. The government will role out the policy to MOSTI and MOSTI will inform TPM to attract more engineering companies. The ministry of science, technology and innovation (MOSTI) installed the following Subsidiaries in TPM according to the government’s policy which is mainly focusing on where the country is heading to. * TPM Engineering Sdn. Bhd. (Prime Minister Dr Malhi wanted to industrialise Malaysia hence this was born) * TPM IT Sdn. Bhd. * TPM Biotech Sdn. Bhd. (this was born due to the Prime Minister Balha who focused on Bio-tech) * TPM College Sdn. Bhd. Complexity of the services TPM produces is also a determinant of this structure. The degree of heterogeneity is high, because of it being a services based organisation with broaden services from land rental to infrastructure rental each having additional entities such as furniture, aircon,elevators high tech security systems, gardens etc. Not forgetting its responsible for supplying quality education at TPM college, providing excellent internet connection throughout TPM etc. TPM’s income capacity is mainly on rental accommodation, and by this structure it will be able to support its growth even in the long-run for it has shown good benefits so far which improves TPM’s resources for income! CONCLUSION: To wind-up, we reported our findings at TPM, pinpointed the Political environment to be the most important environment and its implications in the future for TPM. However, the Technological environment is also one of TPM’s pushing factors. TPM is one of the best accommodation suppliers especially for organisations seeking technical infrastructure and good services. REFRENCE: * Butel, J. etal (1998), Business Functions, Blackwell publishing USA * Jankowizcz, A. D (1997), Business Research Projects third edition, Chapman amp; Hall Place North Yorkshire * MSC Malaysia (2008), Facts amp; Figures third edition, MSC Malasyia Cyber cities Department. Malaysia * Technology Park Malaysia (2008), All about TPM [online]. Available:  http://www.tpm.com.my/index.php? option=com_contentamp;task=viewamp;id=12amp;Itemid=35

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Free Essays on The World Is Too Much With Us And The Chimney Sweeper (compare And Contrast)

worth gives a magnificent of imagery t... Free Essays on The World Is Too Much With Us And The Chimney Sweeper (compare And Contrast) Free Essays on The World Is Too Much With Us And The Chimney Sweeper (compare And Contrast) Poems are a particular way an author shows to the reader of what he feels and thinks about the actions of the world. In the poems â€Å"The World is Too Much With us† and â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† both poets make the reader feel piety and disgust of human Nature. They both tell how society uses too much materialism, and how there is wasteful selfishness and prostitution. This form of writing was common during this time period in the industrial revolution. A lot of people were fed up with the waste and poverty and it seemed the only way to get the point across was with a pen and paper. The first time a poem is read the reader must go beyond the author’s words and look at the deeper meaning, this shows what the author is trying to prove. In William Blake’s poem, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†, he goes into a deeper description of the industrial revolution and the effect it had in the people in that time period. When looking closer the reader is able to tell the disguised meaning behind the words written. For example, in line 3 the poem states, â€Å"Could scarcely cry weep weep weep weep†. The meaning behind the words of the author proves how young this little boy actually was, and brings pity to the reader. Next the author takes the reader to a sweet dream the boy has and shows the reader of the false hope that carries keeps this boys spirit alive from day to day. This child is so ignorant to what is actually happening in his life he became unable to create a future for himself. In William Wordsworth’s poem, â€Å"The World is Too Much With Us† he shows the elegant way of how the societies system of work isn’t functioning properly. It is a warning to the industrial revolution and the future generations. Wordsworth was trying to point out that society is losing sight of what are important in this world. He tells how materialism and greed have overcome the human mind and spirit. In line 6 Wordsworth gives a magnificent of imagery t...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Free Essays on Doctorow, Atwood And Tan

than of actions. He is hardly the stoic, decisive western hero of John Wayne movies. Initially, when resurrecting the town of Hard Times, Blue does not found it on wholesome American values of honesty and fair-dealing, but on greed and conniving. The town has no church and no jail and essentially no foundation of morality. Both the characters of Zar and Isaac are duped into staying by promises of wealth. Zar is concerned primarily with making money from his bar and prostitutes. Isaac, though more scrupulous than Zar, is concerned with profit. Their hopes are founded on the false belief that the town will expand because of a rumored mill to come to their territory. This belief, like the American dream itself, is an illusion. Inevitably they end up with all the trappings of civilization without a functional community. There is much talk of illusion in the novel. Blue is constantly frustrated by his inability to capture the truth in his ledgers. At one point, he states that it’s okay sometimes for a person to fool t... Free Essays on Doctorow, Atwood And Tan Free Essays on Doctorow, Atwood And Tan Brian Ricketts Doctorow’s novel, Welcome to Hard Times is an anti-western novel. Doctorow attempts to debunk the western myth of the American dream. The essential theme in the novel is that the west fails to live up to the hope that civilization can conquer evil. In this way, it was first seen as an un-American story without any real heroes. What it really is, is a different type of historical novel, one that does not concern itself without exact historical accuracy but rather with fictional truth in which the frontier is not a land of endless potential but one vulnerable to human corruption and evil. The characters are not typical western stereotypes. Blue is somewhat cowardly, first hiding behind Molly, and failing miserably once he confronts the Bad Man from Bodie. Though he has a talent for bringing people together (usually by conning them in some way), he is more a man of words than of actions. He is hardly the stoic, decisive western hero of John Wayne movies. Initially, when resurrecting the town of Hard Times, Blue does not found it on wholesome American values of honesty and fair-dealing, but on greed and conniving. The town has no church and no jail and essentially no foundation of morality. Both the characters of Zar and Isaac are duped into staying by promises of wealth. Zar is concerned primarily with making money from his bar and prostitutes. Isaac, though more scrupulous than Zar, is concerned with profit. Their hopes are founded on the false belief that the town will expand because of a rumored mill to come to their territory. This belief, like the American dream itself, is an illusion. Inevitably they end up with all the trappings of civilization without a functional community. There is much talk of illusion in the novel. Blue is constantly frustrated by his inability to capture the truth in his ledgers. At one point, he states that it’s okay sometimes for a person to fool t...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Strategic Initiative Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic Initiative Paper - Essay Example The higher current ratio than that of the industry implies that the company was able to improve its current assets, and reduce its current liabilities compared with the history of the industry. The company’s cash ratio remained relatively stable with other ratios recorded by companies in this industry at 0.3 (30%). This shows that the management was in a position to manage its cash assets and liabilities well, maintaining an equivalent ratio with that of the industry (Air investor 2014: A special supplement, 2014). The company’s operating margin ratio remained relatively stable at 0.08 (8%) compared with that of the industry which was recorded at 0.78 (7.8%). The stable operating margin meant that the company was able to generate enough income from sales that have aided the company’s business. The company’s profit margin ratio was recorded at 0.05 (5%) for the year 2012 and 2013 compared with that of the industry which was a little lower at 0.04 (4%) (2013 world airline report, 2013). This relatively higher profit margin shows that the company was able to gather reliable income from

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

The Veil in Islam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Veil in Islam - Research Paper Example Muslim women who strictly adhere to the requirement believe that it is an act of obedience to God and a stride towards freedom. In this regard, women’s freedom can be evaluated by their physical appearance rather than their intellect. The concept of veiling in Islam emanates from the need to maintain the association between the body and mind. It is often believed that covering the body is one way of shielding the heart from impurities. For that reason, men are admonished to avert their eyes from women, and subsequently, women are required to put on loose outer garments, and cover up their bosoms and heads (Hibri 8). Although the Holy Qur’an directs that women needs to veil themselves, the degree and style varies considerably depending on the situation. Veiling in Islam women is highly dependent on interpretation of various scriptures on the practice, culture, and personal preferences. According to chapter 33, verse 60 of the Qur’an, Allah says â€Å"O prophet! T ell your wives and your daughters, and women of the believers, that they should pull down upon them of their outer cloaks from their heads over their faces. That is more likely that they may thus be recognized and not molested†. There are two distinct interpretations of this scripture that has created two forms of veiling. In light of the instruction, some Muslim women choose to cover their heads while others choose to cover their faces. However, there are others who choose to adopt a compromised position of the two by covering their faces, only when they apply makeup (Ali 719). Majority of Muslim women veil themselves because of the need to uphold modesty, dignity, respect, and safeguard themselves from evils and harm. There are two fundamental parameters, which come from hadith or traditional reports, and Qur’an that guide the Islamic women dress code. The first parameter comes from Qur’an, and is indicated that a woman’s body should be covered in such a manner that only her feet, hands, and face are revealed, except under uncontrolled circumstances (Qur’an 24: 30-31). Additionally, women are required to put on loose clothing so that their body structure is not revealed. The second parameter come from hadith, and states that Muslim women should not put on clothing similar to that of men, or in a manner similar to those who do not believe God. This implies that their clothing should be simply modest, and not overly fancy or ragged. The traditional reports or hadiths presented a number of instances where women were admonished to cover up their nakedness. Scrutiny of the reports reveals that the definition of a woman’s nakedness is so wide and covers her entire body. Ibn Qudama in al-Mughni (1: 349) posited â€Å"all of the woman’s body is considered her nakedness† (Ali 412). In the Qur’an and the prophetic Sunna, there are some fundamental requirements that suggested the manner in which Muslim women are supposed to dress that includes; the extent of covering, thickness, looseness, color, appearance, and demeanor, variation from men’s clothing, variation from unbelievers clothing, and prohibition of ostentatious or vain dressing. Although modest dressing and hijab is mandated in the Qur’an, many Muslims dispute that it is not a strict condition, but simply a strong suggestion. Because of varied interpretations and cultural differences, many women in the Islamic world have adopted fashions of their country.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Legalization of Marijuana Essay Example for Free

Legalization of Marijuana Essay The fight to legalize marijuana has been going on for decades now and looks to have no end until the result is that it’s legal. My fight would be for it to be legalized as well. Simply because it’s a drug with more benefits then harm. In some states, and other countries it’s already legal and doctor approved which I believe needs to be applied everywhere. Marijuana users will not stand for marijuana probation, no matter how long it takes, punishments or consequences. One might say press the issue! Make harsher laws! These prohibition views have failed to silence users. Marijuana legalization is a persistent issue that will not just go away. I believe it will be legalized because users are willing to continue to fight until they succeed. This will eventually open people’s eyes that the drug is not all bad. Marijuana has positive attributes; a medical value with very mild side effects. Many people use it because they see it good for them especially those suffering ailments. It relieves pain, nausea, spasticity, and other symptoms for many individuals who have not been treated successfully with conventional medications. I agree that if we do legalize it just for medication that it would leak to other users. But in today’s society many American adults prefer marijuana over alcohol as a way to relax, it has a lot less side effects then alcohol. The use of marijuana in America is a choice that comes with a relatively low dependence rate. Most people develop a tolerance to side effects, and those who don’t usually stop using drugs. Most Americans decide that the benefits of the drug outweigh the risk which the greatest risk is low risk arrest. Legalizing the drug can have more benefits to our county then harming it. If marijuana was legal we could put a tax on it, to make a profit on it. If we look at our crime rate, our law enforcement has more important responsibilities than arresting 750,000 individuals a year for marijuana possession. By doing this we waste jail space, clog court systems, divert time of police, attorneys, judges, and corrections officials away from violent crime. When I say violent crimes I mean being able to focus on the sexual abuse of children, terrorism and other more dangerous crimes. For my study I looked for a country that has legalized marijuana and their reasons for doing so. I found that it is a common knowledge throughout the world, that in Amsterdam you may just enter a coffee shop and buy drugs; you will be handed a menu with drugs of the day, and there might be even a special on the menu. It is all accessible, for four joints you will pay the same amount for twenty cigarettes. Marijuana is legal in Amsterdam because the government there realizes that it is much easier to control when they make it publicly available. This way they can tax it to generate state funding and ensure that they know where it is and whos using it. Its a much more liberal approach than prohibition, which causes any controlled substance to go immediately underground and leaves the governments jurisdiction. Marijuana being illegal is much like the prohibition of alcohol. The Prohibition was a period of nearly fourteen years of U.S. history in which the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor was made illegal. It led to the first and only time an Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was repealed. And unlike alcohol and any prescription drugs, marijuana is not lethal. A study in 2009 by U.S. Department of Health and Human Studies published that 69.7 million Americans are current users of tobacco products, 15 million Americans abuse alcohol, and only 4.2 million Americans abuse Marijuana. Everyday 1,000 people die from smoking related illnesses, 550 die from alcohol related accidents and diseases, and less than 20 die of drug related causes. American adolescents use Marijuana twice as much as their counter parts in Holland where Marijuana is legal. It seems that the temptations to do what you’re not supposed to do are too strong to resist. In conclusion, marijuana should be legal. If we are going to continue to offer these drugs that are more harmful then marijuana then why band one that helps? If continuing to keep marijuana as an illegal substance then users are willing to continue to fight. Like the prohibition of alcohol I don’t believe this fight will end until the users win. Maybe they will think their decision over, and realize it would help us more then it harms us.

Friday, November 15, 2019

How Charles Dickens’ Life Influenced Oliver Twist Essay -- essays pape

How Charles Dickens’ Life Influenced Oliver Twist â€Å"The range of his creative activity is, in the first place, limited to the world of his youth† (Cecil 169). This quote explains many people. What has previously happened to a person has a tremendous impact on them. It can affect their decisions, emotions, and life. The life of a person can sometimes be seen quite easily through what they do. Artists often reveal what their life has been like through the works that they create. The same can be said about writers. Events in authors past often show up in his works. The above quote is, in fact, made in regard to Charles Dickens. Dickens had several real life experiences of poverty and abandonment in his life that influenced his work, Oliver Twist. The times of poverty and abandonment in Charles Dickens’ life instilled a political belief in Dickens’ mind against the new poor laws of Great Britain. Dickens’ felt the new poor laws victimized the poor, failed to give the poor a voice, and were in need of change. These points are shown in Oliver Twist through the characters, scenes, and narration Dickens’ uses throughout the book. Dickens lived a life full of events that would later influence his novels. Dickens grew up during a time of change for Great Britain. By the time he was born in 1812, the Industrial Revolution was in full force. Dickens grew up as a normal middle-class child in Portsmouth, Great Britain. It was around the age of twelve that his life took a drastic turn. Dickens was still a child when his father was imprisoned for debt. Families, at this time, lived with the father in prison. Charles did not live in prison, though. Instead, he was sent to live alone and become a laborer at Warren’s Blacking Facto... ...r Twist† The Immortal Dickens. London, 1925. 63-87. Rpt in Oliver Twist. Ed. Fred Kaplan. New York: Norton & Company, 1993. Skim Greene, Graham. â€Å"The Young Dickens.† Collected Essays. 1969. Rpt. in Nineteenth Century Literary Criticism, Vol. 3. Ed. Laurie L. Harris. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1983. Pg. 176. MacKenzie, Jeanne. Dickens, A Life. USA: British Library Cataloguing in Publication, 1979. Skim. Murray, Brian. Charles Dickens. New York: Continuum, 1994. Skim Paroissien, David. Letter to Noah Laible, 15 Feb 2000. Taine, Hippolyte A. History of English Literature, Vol 4. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1965. Pg. 117-163. Wall, Stephan. â€Å"The Letters of Charles Dickens, 1856-1858.† Essays in Criticism 47.1 (1997): 78-87. Wills, Garry. â€Å"Love in the lower depths.† The New York Review of Books 26 Oct 1989: 60-68.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Malaysia’s Seven Types of Schools

There are hundreds, if not thousand of schools in this world. In Malaysia, we have seven types of schools. They are Malay schools, Tamil schools, Chinese schools, international schools, private schools, and religious schools. There is only one type of Malay schools and they are the Malay government schools. Malay schools are the most common types of schools in Malaysia. You can find at least one Malay school in a town. Malay schools are divided into two. They are the Malay primary schools and the Malay secondary schools. Malaysians start their primary school education at the age of seven. They will then be in standard 1 and they will stay until they are in standard 6, which is until they are 12 years old. The following year they will go to form 1 in the secondary school and they will continue studying there until they finish form 5 so that they can go to either college or start work immediately or they can continue to form 6 so that they can go to university immediately thereafter. Every student has to sit for the UPSR examination when they are in standard 6, the PMR examination when they are in form 3, the SPM examination when they are in form 5, and the STPM examination when they are in form 6. All the lessons in the primary and secondary schools are, with the exception of the English lesson, are conducted in Malay. There is only one type of Tamil school in Malaysia and they are the government ones. Tamil schools are very much like the Malay schools with the exception that all lessons except English and Malay are in Tamil. Their syllabus is a lot like the syllabus of the Malay schools. The only difference is that they have to enter a Malay school when they go to form one. They normally spend a year in a special class after they finish the UPSR examination so that they can cope with the high standard of Malay in the Malay school they will be going to. Then they will they will continue studying at the school like any other student. Chinese schools are very much like Tamil schools. All their lessons except English and Malay are in Chinese. Their syllabus is a lot like the syllabus of the Malay schools. However, they can choose to continue their education in a Chinese secondary school after they finish their UPSR examination or they can choose to go to a special class after the examination and then continue their education in a Malay secondary school. There are two types of international schools, the private ones that follow the British syllabus, and the government ones that follow the Malaysian syllabus. The private international schools can be mainly found in Kuala Lumpur whereas the government ones can be found in almost every state capital. An example of a private international school is the Alice Smith International School in Kuala Lumpur and an example of government international schools is the Sri Utama International School. Private schools are run totally by the school board without any help from the government at all. If they have any problems, they have to overcome it themselves. They get no funding from the government so they have to get money by whatever means they can. That is why the school fees are very expensive. Their syllabus is basically like the normal syllabus of the government schools. Las,t but definitely not least, is the Islamic religious schools. Islamic students go there to learn about their religion and to learn how to speak and write Jawi. They normally study there for six years, but those who are really interested can go to a secondary school that teaches mainly Islam. There they will also learn all the other subjects that normal students do. We should be happy that we are lucky enough to have the opportunity to go to a school to have an education. There are hundreds if not thousands of children out there who do not have the opportunity to go to school. So my friends do not waste this opportunity. Use it while you can.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Computer technology arises for better improvement Essay

Throughout the year of existence, the item has come for its enhancement because computer technology arises for better improvement especially in information technology, which focuses mainly on business sectors. The library is a place where books, journals, microfilms, multimedia, audio & visual materials and computer data & terminals are kept and organized to support the cultural, informational, recreational, and educational needs of the general public or specific groups of users. Recent advances in computer and communication technologies have transformed the contemporary library; it is not only a repository but now also an active member in a vast network of libraries and databanks through which users have access to a worldwide store of recorded knowledge. Since the 70s, the acquisition of library catalogs is done electronically. The development of computer technology in the last few years has provided the necessary preconditions to administrate an ever growing amount of information electronically. Prompted by the success of the World Wide Web, many providers are beginning to open their databases to external users. This gives users the possibility to search in a database and exchange data directly via the Internet. The world is experiencing an unprecedented advancement in technology this year. Everyone believes that the library needs an improvement; an improvement that would make it a high-security and an easy access of books that would help not only the librarian but also those who use the library for their research. Through this occurrence, the proponents decided to design a library system for San Roque Catholic School. With the help of data that has been gathered, they give emphasis to the benefits that the system can give and also gathered some ideas for the planned actions for the development of the system. This chapter will discuss the objective of the study, statement of the problem, significance of the study, scope & delimitation and the definition of terms. Objective of the Study This study aims to know the following: To know how often the students go to the library. To know the awareness of the students with regards to the manual library system of SRCS To know how attentive are the library personnel specially in rendering their service To know how many classifications of books they have in their library To know how visible these books to the users Statement of the Problem The general problem is to provide a computerized procedure of borrowing and returning of books. Specially, the study aims to answer the following questions: 1. How often do the students go the library? 2. Are the students aware of the manual system of transaction in the SRCS Library? 3. Are the shelves in the library open to everyone? 4. Does the students need to ask permission from the library management to acquire a book? 5. Are the library personnel always attentive to anyone who wants to use the library? 6. Does the students notice the that the books on the shelves are effectively arrange according to the ff: 6. 1 Classification (Ex. Filipiniana, Arts & Science, etc)? 6. 1. 1 Textbook 6. 1. 2 Workbook Assumption Specific Problem: How proficient are the process used by librarian? Implicit Assumption: There are certain procedures to make the transactions of borrowing or returning the books. Specific Problem: How sufficient are the information that a librarian should acquire prior to borrowing and returning of books? Implicit assumption: There are certain required informations that a librarian should acquire in the students. Hypothesis Question: Is there any significant difference between the effectiveness method in manual and computerized library system? Operational Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the effectiveness method in manual and computerized library system, in terms of allotted time and accuracy throughout the process. Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the effectiveness method in manual and computerized library system, in terms of procedures Significance of the Study In the age of advance technology, it is important for every business establishment, no matter how small, to acquire a system that would make its work faster and more efficient. This will save time and effort on the part of the beneficiary. Computer technology is quickly spreading due to the demands of the people. The significance of this study is to develop software that will make the library a high-security and easy access. This application system will improve and enhance the library that will attract the user to come more often to the library. Educational Significance The purpose of this study is to attract the students and other users to use the library more often for studying or learning due to the high-technological system the library had. Economic Significance The library will cost less for the expenses that are monthly paid to maintain the system. Some supplies will be added and some will be disregarded. Implementing the proposed system will depreciate the expenses, which is shown. Librarian and Staff. The significance of this study to the librarian an staff is that it will lessen their effort and conserve time in searching books and give an accurate report with regards to the books and borrowers information. Conceptual Framework In this study the proponents will follow all the basic steps in building a system using resourceful references such as books, related studies, browsing the internet, and other tools that are related to the study. They will gather data through interviews and questionnaire with regards to the existing system of San Roque Catholic School. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT. Scope and Delimitation The proposed system is an application system using borrowers’ code. It will give more efficient way of finding references needed by the users. It includes the entire books in the library. The proposed system will show all needed information regarding the book and the borrower. It is not a LAN-based system. It will not detect if the book is damaged or if one page of it was torn. The proposed system will not show the autobiography of the author and the contents of the books thoroughly. Definition of Terms Acronyms CFD. Context Flow Diagram DFD. Data Flow Diagram JPEG. Joint Photographic Experts Group LAN. Local Area Network SDLC. System Development Life Cycle SRCS. San Roque Catholic School VB6. Visual Basic 6 Non-Technical Accession Number. It is a code that represents the number of books or materials in the connection within the library. Author. It is a person who brings something into existence; the written of the book, article, etc. Borrower’s Card. It is a card that is used in borrowing and returning of library materials. Call Number. It is composed of letters, figures and symbols separate or in combination assigned to a book to indicate its location on the shelves. It usually consists of class number and book number. It appears on the spine of a book and on the upper left corner of a catalog card. Lend. It is to place in the temporary possession of another (for his use, enjoyment, etc. ) with the expectation of resuming possession later. To loan, to let out (books or materials) for fee. Library. It is a room or building, housing a collection of books, usually arrange according to some plan. Librarian. It is a person in-charge of a library. Penalty. Amount given by the borrower if the book is overdue. Transaction. It is something transacted, a bus deal. Technical Terms Computer. Is a machine that can follow instructions to alter data in desirable way and to perform at least some operations without human intervention. Context Diagram. It shows the entire system as one general element. Data. Is factual information such as text, numbers, sound, and images, in a form that can be processed by a computer. Database. Is a collection of related information about a subject organized in a useful that provides a foundation for procedures such as retrieving information, drawing conclusions and making decisions. Data Flow Diagram. It is a graphic illustration that shows the flow of data and logic within a system. Data Processing. It means a rapid conversion of large quantities of information from the unorganized form in which it is collected into a form that can be stored on magnetic tapes or disks and analyzed by computers and other devices. Maintenance. Enhancing or upgrading your system. Password. A code for security of the database and files. Record. It contains all information that the database is tracking. Chapter II Review of Related Literatures and Studies. The proponents reviewed several related studies and literature. This was done to clarify different ideas from other studies and literature. Relevant ideas of some students who developed some software were also reviewed. Related Literature The proponents understand that the program to be made without intellectual development could crash and might not be attracted to the uses and beneficiaries. The communication between the target user and the programmer should be clear, and sharp. According to Lisa C. Stater and Steven E. Arnott stated on their â€Å"Using Visual Basic v6. 0: For Windows (1992)† noted that: â€Å"The traditional boundary between an end-user and a programmer became difficult to maintain, because beginners could generate useful applications without writing any lines of program code and experts became more productive by using same techniques to develop extensive systems†. (p2) Many business companies use computers in order to solve their problems, to lessen their tasks, and minimize the time involved. They also use computers to store a large amount or quantity of data to reach their target goal. This is what C. J. Date (1990) wrote in his book entitled â€Å"An Introduction to Database System,† stated that: â€Å"A database system is basically a computerized record keeping system. It is a computerized system whose overall purpose is to maintain information and make that information available on demand. † (p5) All business activities fall under the principle governing Database Management System (DBMS). But in order to make your work easier, you must know how to design a database. According to Gregg Perry (1991) in his book â€Å"Visual Basic 6. 0 Teach Yourself in 21 Days†: â€Å"Database design is the process of creating database structures from user requirements for data. The resulting design must satisfy the user requirements in terms of completeness, integrity, and performance, among other factors. Database design is a complex and demanding process that requires the commitment and participation of the entire organization. † (p54) But it is more complicated to study a programming language, especially when creating programs for database. That is why more programmers use Visual Basic, which is easier to learn and understand. Walnum Clayton in his book, â€Å"Visual Basic 6 Master Reference, 1999† stated that: â€Å"Visual Basic may be the most used programming language in the world. The reason for its success is obvious. Visual Basic makes Windows programming so easy that just about anyone can sit down and create a simple program within a few hours. † (Preface) N V Brahmaji Rao on his article â€Å"An Experimental Digital Library System for Electronic Thesis and Reports, Roll Number: 9411123, August, 1999† stated that: â€Å"Digital Library System is an information system in which all the information is stored in digital form. The artifacts in a Digital Library System are visualized as â€Å"Digital Objects† stored as electronic â€Å"files† in a Hard Disk, CD-ROM etc. Each one of these files may be in different format like plain text, HTML text, GIF Image, TIFF Image, JPEG, MPEG, PostScript, PDF and so on. The underlying Digital Library System provides users with interfaces to access information like a Research Paper, A Thesis, a book, a song, a picture available in the Digital Library. To facilitate efficient and effective use of Digital Library Resources, the System provides several â€Å"services† like `Search on bibliographic data or on Full- text’, `Show the information contained in a Paper’, `Submission of a Thesis in Electronic Form’, `Indexing service’, `Replication service’ and so on. Digital Library Systems are very much like Public Library Information Systems, in providing the services in an Open way to everyone except in the means and methods followed. The Digital Libraries have a global scope and the user can be anywhere in the world. Digital Library Systems are very complex and throws up many issues: Academic, Technical, Cultural, Legal and even political. † (url: http://www. cse. iitk. ac. in/research/mtech1994/9411123. html) Related Studies Foreign Study. In the study conducted by Ron entitled â€Å"A Computerized Cataloging System for an Outdoor Program Library or Resource Center,† this paper explores a computerized system of cataloging materials for small to medium sized outdoor recreation resource centers. Free to non-profit organizations, the software described in the paper is designed to create and manage a database of books, videos, impact statements and other resource materials. Among other functions, the software will produce files that can be used by a word processor to print cards for a card catalog; it can be used to make topic word searches to find needed materials. Based on the diploma thesis of Josef Willenborg, (Master of CS), of Berlin University of Technology entitled â€Å"A Distributed Library Information System on the Basis of the Z39. 50 Protocol, July 1999† stated that: â€Å"Since the 70s, the acquisition of library catalogs is done electronically. The development of computer technology in the last few years has provided the necessary preconditions to administrate an ever growing amount of information electronically. Prompted by the success of the World Wide Web, many providers are beginning to open their databases to external users. This gives users the possibility to search in a database and exchange data directly via the Internet. † Local Studies According to Hazeline F. Gadia, et al. (1998), on their thesis entitled, â€Å"Computerized Information System for College Libraries,† that their study aims to provide an on-line and cost-free searching capability through the campus network. This reduces the need for the user’s to run from one library to another only to find what they are looking for. Based on the unpublished thesis of Jonalee Domingo’s group entitled â€Å"West Bay Library System, October 2002,† stated that: â€Å"The proposed computerized Library System of West Bay College, a system that will computerize the process in West Bay College. It aims to help the users & librarian by having a search engine. Which will make searching of books faster. It will inform users about the availability & some information on their desired book. It is also aim to help librarian manage library records including its books & users. The proponents intend to develop the system using MS Visual Basic. † (p. vii) Based on the research done by the group of Modina on their thesis entitled â€Å"Computer-Based Library System of IETI College Alabang† stated that: â€Å"The Library is a place where books, journals, microfilms, multimedia, audio and visual materials and computer data and terminals are kept and organized to support the cultural, informational, recreational, and educational needs of the general public or specific groups of users. Recent advances in computer and communication technologies have transformed the contemporary library; it is not only a repository but now also an active member in a vast network of libraries and databanks through which users have access to a world wide store of recorded knowledge. Therefore, Library System is the process that keeps monitoring and classify each book. It also maintains an extensive network of local branches, the properties and the persons involved in it. Relevance to the Study Computer is the latest catalyst in the swirling reaction of human history its power delivers a chance for revolution. When they were rare and expensive they shaped the worlds above the ivory tower. As we move towards the moderation, many organizations must cope up with the latest challenges. Creating a system was become more in demand and gaining an increasing rate of popularity in every industry. It was developed to provide timely, reliable and accurate information that is very helpful in decision making and problem solving. Based on the gathered related literatures and studies, proposing such system like the SRCS Library System would really help not only the librarian and the library personnel but also those who use the library facilities especially the researchers, that it would be more easier for them to know the availability of the book to be borrowed and the procedure of borrowing & returning of books will be more organize & systematize. Chapter III Methodology and Procedure. This chapter discusses the methods of research used by the proponents in conducting the study. Research instruments used, data gathering procedures and statistical treatment are also discussed. Research Design The software was developed using Visual Basic 6, in a module-by-module manner. Each module was designed and created as separate form. This form was compiled and run separately and revised before it linked to the actual programs. And their database holder, the proponents use MS Access. Methods of Research Use The proponents used descriptive and experimental methods in doing the study. Descriptive research method is the process of gathering, analyzing, classifying, tabulating and making interpretation with regards to the data collected. Using the descriptive method, the proponents conducted an interview with the librarian and some students & teachers according to their observation with regards to the library’s service, procedures and policies. In this method, surveying and content analysis techniques are used gather data. A survey is used to collect data about people’s beliefs, idea or opinions regarding a certain topic. Content analysis is used to gather data in any existing and available documentary materials such as articles that content the needed data of the research topic. By the use of this technique, the proponents gather data to related studies and opinions of other authors of any books and articles that useful in furnishing this study. Experimental research is a controlled process which manipulated treatments or actions from a factor, called independent variable, are applied upon another factor, called dependent variable, to determine their effect in the said process. The proponents used this method to find out the effectiveness of the propose library system in the service of the library. Research Instruments The research instruments to be use are questionnaires, interview, experimental and library method. The proponents will be using questionnaires to gather data faster in the persons involved. This is because the respondents were students, faculties and the library personnel and they are busy to take 20 minutes to be interviewed. So by the use of questionnaires, they can answer it for 3-5 minutes when they have available time. Interview is another technique of gathering data or information. The proponents will ask the library head and some of the students & faculties to gather idea with regards to the topic of the study Experimenting is the process of creating sample of the Library System and tests it by the personnel itself and by the users of the library. Giving pre and post test is needed to get the results. Another method is the library method. This is used in researching for some related studies and articles that is useful in this study. Data Gathering Procedures. Before starting this documentation, the proponents interviewed or asked some teachers and students about their idea to the topic. They were asked according to their knowledge. Also, the proponents do some research study to some libraries in order to gather enough data that will give them idea. After getting ideas, the proponents prepare questionnaires for the survey. Statistical Treatment Statistical methods will be helpful for the proponents in making this research design. This will help in determining the validity and reliability of the research. To show the result of the computation, the combination of tabular and graphical presentation is used. Purpose of Cost Benefit Analysis Cost benefit analysis is the process of comparing the anticipated costs of an information system to the anticipated benefits. Cost benefit analysis is performed throughout the SDLC to determine the economic feasibility of an information system project and to compare alternative solutions. Formula Used Proposed System Cost = Development Cost + Operating Cost Benefit = Existing Cost – Proposed Cost Present Value = Benefit / (1+i)n Where: i = interest rate  n = number of years Chapter IV Organizational and Management Aspect Form of Business Organization Company Profile Aimed as fostering spirituality among the youth of Alabang and neighboring town and providing a low-cost quality education to the residents in the area. SAN ROQUE CATHOLIC SCHOOL (SRCS) was established in 1981 by then, parish priest, MONSIGNOR TOMAS T. GONZALES. Since then, the school has taken the role as partner of the parish in the mission of evangelization and Christian education. One hundred forty-one students comprised the first batch of students who were grouped into three sections. Part of parish rectory was converted into classrooms for two classes while the third class was in the other side of the church. Through the initiative of Msgr. Gonzales, the construction of the three-storey building began in 1982 which was ready for use the following school year for 545 students in the first to third year levels. The first principal, Miss Lydia Santos was conferred the responsibility to manage the school. She worked hand in hand with a group of dedicated mentors. With Msgr. Tomas Gonzales setting the initial framework of SRCS, several directors succeeded him: Rev. Fr. Steve Villanueva and Rev. Fr. Romerico Prieto; Msgrs. Rolly dela Cruz and Celso Ditan were geared towards the development and improvement of the edifice, hence, the fruit of their untiring efforts, are the two three-storey buildings along the Mendiola Street. SRCS also gives due honors to Sister Minda Penaredondo. DC who heldthe school’s coffers and Mrs. Erlinda Esporlas who upheld quality Christian education of the students. 1989 was the year the Religious of the Virgin Mary (RVM) came at invitation of the Cardinal’s office to manage the school with Sis. Ma. Domitilla Enriquez, RVM as Principal. Their presence deepened the inculcation of Christian values and continuously enhanced and manifested in the Roquenian way of life. With Sis. Ma. Marina Insigne, RVM: Sis. Ma. Teresita Varon, RVM, Sis Ma. Celestine T. Viernes, RVM and our incumbent principal, Sis. Ma. Julia Advincula, RVM coddled and hurdled the tumultuous toil of running a school at this pace of time. Their natural affection has always been dovetailed with the philosophical views of the school’s past directors. Together with Bishop Jesse Mercado and Rev. Fr. Fidel Fabile, Sis. Ma. Julia Advincula, RVM are in constant reception of new ideas, innovations if only to touch and enhance the lives of the denizens of the community – the ROQUENIANS. Thru the initiative of Sr. Celestine, the Jubilee Building was built, a five storey building dedicated to the HOLY TRINITY as we celebrate the year of jubilation of our 2000th year of Christian Faith and opening its doors to the THIRD MILLENIUM. The building has an installed elevator for easy access and house the school auditorium which is named after Msgr. Tom Gonzales, at the ground floor of the building is the school computer laboratory, T. H. E. and the preschool rooms. The Fifth floor holds the social hall used for various activities and the gymnasium of St. Roch Building with newly installed two step bleachers for the spectators. SRCS is grateful for the continuous support of parents (and hopefully alumni, generous donors and benefactors) to assist in meeting the global needs of its students today. To become a genuine contributor – developing dynamic. Christian citizens of our country, SRCS will not stop growing reaching out especially to the less privileged. Vision-Mission. San Roque Catholic School of Alabang, Muntinlupa City is a Filipino, parochial, elementary and secondary educational institution which envisioned to be: Transformed agents/community that is maka-Diyos, maka-tao, makabayan, makbuhay and maka-kalikasan under the reign of God. SRCS commits itself to intensify its readiness to respond in Marian spirit to the gospel values by building a productive school family and parish community with loving service especially to the less privileged through academic competence and spiritual formation. Goals / Objectives. San Roque Catholic School was founded to serve the youth of Alabang and nearby communities, providing quality education by: Forming in the hearts and mind of all SRCS students the value of human dignity and total commitment to Christ by witnessing the love of God and service to his fellowmen. Providing Christian quality education and values integrated in Academic and Technology instructions that bring about intellectual and skilled oriented individual towards global competitiveness. Developing in the students the value of self-discipline and impressing upon them the high standard of decency, morality and good behavior. Integrating social responsibilities to advocate for justice, peace and order for the protection of the rights of the less privileged. Promoting and preserving the sanctity of life and the family towards nation building. Participating actively in the pursuit of ecological conservation and environmental awareness. Enriching the lives of all students through appreciation and awareness of the rich cultural heritage of his country. Establishing a harmonious relationship among students, parents, teachers, administrators and parishioners. Chapter V The System. This chapter discusses the context diagram and data flow diagram of the existing and proposed system. Existing System Based on the interview and data gathered by the proponents the existing library system of San Roque Catholic School is in manual manners in which the students ask the librarian for the availability of the book they are looking for and sometimes look in the card catalog if the book really exists in their library. Borrowing of books for overnight is allowed but limited; students can borrow with the maximum of two (2) books and four (4) books for Mind Movers Club member (Library Club). Reference books and serials are not allowed to be borrowed (strictly for library use only. The Fiction, Filipiniana, and Circulation books can be borrowed for three (3) days while the reserved books can be borrowed but only for overnight. Renewal of due dates can be allowed only for three (3) times. Personal reservation of book is allowed, which is effective for the whole day only. If not taken by the borrowers at the end of the day, it will be arranged back to its shelves. Existing System (Borrowing of Books) CONTEXT DIAGRAM Existing System (Returning of Books) CONTEXT DIAGRAM Data Flow Diagram of Borrowing of Books (Existing). Data Flow Diagram of Returning of Books (Existing) Proposed System (Borrowing of Books) CONTEXT DIAGRAM Proposed System (Returning of Books) CONTEXT DIAGRAM Data Flow Diagram of Borrowing of Books (Proposed) Data Flow Diagram of Returning of Books (Proposed) Costing Economic feasibility tests the ability of the system if the system is economically feasible. This includes the development cost, the return of investment and the payback analysis. Development Cost System Cost Systems Analyst Cost20,000 Database Designer’s Cost10,000 Programmers Cost20,000 Design Cost15,000 Subtotal65,000 Operational Cost Printer Ink (black) 800 Bond Paper (short). * 1 ream 200 Subtotal 1,000 Equipment Cost Computer Set27,000 Subtotal27,000 Software Cost Microsoft Windows 9810,000 Microsoft Office 5,000 Subtotal15,000 Overall Total Development Cost108,000 Annual Development Cost YEAR AMOUNT COST AMOUNT BENEFIT 0 108,000 1 123,100 150,000 2 138,200 169,430 3 153,300 188,860 4 168,400 210,290 5 183,500 235,720 TOTAL 766,500 954,300 Return of Investment ROI = Estimated Lifetime Benefit – Estimated Lifetime Cost Estimated Lifetime Cost = 954,300 – 766,500 766,500 = 187,800 766,500 = 0. 24500 or 24. 50% Payback Analysis YEAR COST BENEFIT NET BENEFIT PV OF BENEFIT DISCOUNT % 0 108,000 1 123,100 150,000. 26,900 24,452. 10 .909 2 138,200 169,430 31,230 25,795. 98 .826 3 153,300 188,860 35,560 26,990. 04 .759 4 168,400 210,290 41,890 28,610. 87 .683 5 183,500 235,720 52,220 32,428. 62 .621 TOTAL 766,500 954,300 187,800 138,277. 61 Chapter VI Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation Statistical Results of Data Gathering The proponents conducted survey to know the problems of the existing library system of SRCS. The questionnaires indicate comments and suggestions of the respondents for the further enhancement of their system. The results were been tabulate and the percentage will be used for computing the statistical measurement. Analysis of the Result Statistical Analysis Since the percentage method was used, the formula: No. of Respondents / Total No. of Respondents * 100 = Percentage (%) The results of survey are as follow: Does the students spent most of their free time at the library? Table 1 FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE CHOICES 12 12% ALWAYS 10 10% OFTEN 45 45% SOMETIMES 18 18% RARE 15 15% NEVER Based on the above table, out of 100 respondents only 12% always spent most of their free time at the library, 10% says often, 45% says sometimes, 18% says rare and 15% of them never spent their free time at the library. Are the books in the library well organized and arranged according to its classification? Table 2 FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE CHOICES 45 45% ALWAYS 27 27% OFTEN 15 15% SOMETIMES 13 13% RARE 0 0% NEVER Based on the above table, out of 100 respondents 45% of them said that the books in the library of SRCS are well organized and arranged according to its classification, 27% says often, 15% says sometimes, 13% says rare and no one says that the books in the library of SRCS are not well organized and arranged according to its classification. Are the library personnel aware with the needs of the borrowers? Table 3 FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE CHOICES 55 55% ALWAYS 37 37% OFTEN 5 5% SOMETIMES 3 3% RARE 0 0% NEVER According to the result above, out of 100 respondents 55% of them said that the library personnel is always are with the needs of the borrowers, 37% says often, 5% says sometimes, 3% says rare and 0% of the respondents say that the library personnel is never aware with the needs of the borrowers. Are they using card catalog for searching the books? Table 4 FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE CHOICES 10 10% ALWAYS 15 15% OFTEN 5 5% SOMETIMES 32 32% RARE 38 38% NEVER According to the above result, out of 100 respondents only 10% of them use card catalog in searching a certain book, 15% says often, 5% says sometimes, 32% says rare and 38% of the respondents say that they never able to use the card catalog in searching the books but instead ask the librarian for the book they are looking for. Is the present method of searching a book is accurate and fast? Table 5 FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE CHOICES 55 55% YES 45 45%. NO Based on the above result, out of 100 respondents 55% of them agreed that their present method in searching the book is accurate and fast while 45% of them disagreed. Is there any penalty for the overdue books? Table 6 FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE CHOICES 100 100% YES 0 0% NO Based on the result of the above table out of 100 respondents, all of them said that there is a penalty for every overdue book. Is there any sanction or penalty for those students or borrowers who accidentally damaged or lost the book? Table 7 FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE. CHOICES 100 100% YES 0 0% NO Based on the result of the above table out of 100 respondents, 100% of them said that there is a sanction for those students and borrowers who accidentally damaged or lost the book. Is it allowed to borrow the books for overnight? Table 8 FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE CHOICES 100 100% YES 0 0% NO According to the result above out of 100 respondents, 100% of them said that it is allowed to borrow the books for overnight. Is there a limit of number of books that can be borrowed for overnight? Table 9 FREQU. Â